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한국, 차세대 토커맥 핵융합 실험 장치 공개
VZCZCXYZ0000 RR RUEHWEB DE RUEHUL #3033/01 2800550 ZNR UUUUU ZZH R 070550Z OCT 07 FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 6871 INFO RHEHAAA/WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON DC RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHDC 1712 RHEBAAA/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHDC RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 3221 RUEHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS 1562 RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 3361 RUEHNE/AMEMBASSY NEW DELHI 0617 RUEHMO/AMEMBASSY MOSCOW 8296 RUEHBS/USEU BRUSSELS RUEHUNV/UNVIE VIENNA
요약
¶1. 9월 14일 노대통령은 대전시 외 국가 핵융합 연구소(National Fusion Research Center)에서 한국 초전도 토카맥 핵융합 연구 장치 (Korea Superconducting Tohamak Advanced Research 혹 KSTAR)라고 불리는 한국의 획기적인 핵융합 실증로를 공개했다. 미화 3억 2천 9백만 달러를 들여 만들어진 KSTAR는 세계에서 가장 발전된 토카맥 장치 중 하나로 초전도 코일과 차세대 기술로 실증(Plasma)을 가열하고 개조하는 기계다. KSTAR는 미국과 다른 나라들의 여러 핵융합 연구소로부터 기술적 도움과 함께 현지 기술로 만들어 졌다. 장치의 보조 시스템의 시험 가동을 마친후 KSTAR는 장치의 최초 실증을 2008년 6월 쯤 만들어낼것으로 기대 되고 완벽한 가동을 수년뒤 이루게 된다. KSTAR는 2016년 프랑스 카다라체에서 더큰 규묘의 국제핵실험로가 (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor 약자 ITER) 처음 가동되기 전후로 국제적 핵융합 연구에 중요한 역활을 해낼 것이다. 지적: KSTAR는 얼마나 한국의 과학이 발전했고 한미간의 과학적 협력이 이런 발전에 역활을 하고 있는지를 보여준다.
On September 14, President Roh unveiled Korea's cutting-edge nuclear fusion plasma chamber, the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device, at the National Fusion Research Center outside Daejeon. Built at a cost of some USD 329 million, KSTAR is one of the world's most advanced Tokamaks, using superconducting coils and advanced techniques to heat and shape plasma. KSTAR was built using domestic technology, with technical assistance from a number of fusion research labs in the United States and other countries. Following testing of its subsystems, KSTAR is expected to produce its first plasma by June 2008, and to achieve full-scale operations several years later. KSTAR will play an important role in international fusion research, both before and after the start-up of the larger-scale International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in Cadarache, France, in 2016. Comment: KSTAR demonstrates both how far Korean science has progressed and the extent to which U.S.-Korean scientific collaboration continues to play a role in that progress. End summary.
KSTAR - 한국의 핵융합 연구의 상징
¶2. kSTAR 토카맥은 한국 핵융합 연구 기획의 상징이다. (토카맥(Tokamak)은 러시아어로 '둥근 (도넛츠 모양) 자석로로 만든 방'의 줄임말이다. 이는 강력한 자석을 사용하여 가둔 플라스마가 -이온 가스- 조절된 융합 반응을 가능케하는 장치다.) 한국 정부는 KSTAR와 관련된 장치들을 대전 (150킬로 서울의 남쪽) 대덕 기술발전단지에 있는 NFRC에 1995년 부터 미화 3억 2천 9백만 달러를 들였다. 설치의 완공을 기념하는 개공식이 9월 14일 있었다.
The KSTAR Tokamak is the centerpiece of Korea's fusion research program. (Tokamak is a Russian acronym for Toroidal – or doughnut-shaped – Chamber in Magnetic Coils. It is a device using powerful magnets to confine a plasma – ionized gases – to permit controlled fusion reactions.) The Korean government has spent USD 329 million since 1995 to construct KSTAR and related devices at the NFRC, located in Daedeok Innopolis, outside of Daejeon (150 kilometers south of Seoul). A ceremony was held on September 14 to mark the completion of construction.
¶3. 한국 NFRC의 핵융합연구소장 이경수는 NFRC가 아직도 KSTAR 개별 시스템을 점검하는 중이고 완벽한 가동은 2008년 6월 정도에 시작할 계획이라고 ESTH 에게 말했다. KSTAR가 가동하게 되면 한국은 매년 미화 3천 7백만 달러를 18년 동안 핵융합 연구에 쓸 계획을 하고 있다. 목표는 두껍고 고도가열된 플라스마를 적어도 300 초 동안 유지하여 가열, 진단, 조절 기술들에 관한 정보를 수집하려는 것이다. 이정보는 한국이 시초 파트너인 국제적 ITER 프로젝트로 제공될것이다
Lee Gyeong-su, Director of Fusion Research at Korea's National Fusion Research Center (NFRC), told ESTH that NFRC is still testing individual KSTAR systems, and that full-scale operation is planned to begin by June, 2008. Once KSTAR is operational, Korea plans to spend some USD 37 million annually over eighteen years on fusion research. The goal is to maintain dense, superheated plasmas for
periods of at least 300 seconds, in order to gather information on heating, diagnostic and controlling techniques. This information will feed into the multinational ITER project, in which Korea is a founding partner.
¶4. 미래적인 시안으로 보면 한국의 핵융합발전의 “지도”는 핵융합 발전기의 가능성을 2030년 까지 증명해보이고 핵융합로의 기술적 디자인을 2035년에 마치며 핵융합을 통한 공업적 전기 발전을 2040년 까지 시작하는 것이다.
Looking further into the future, Korea's “road map” for fusion energy development aims to demonstrate the feasibility of fusio n power generation by 2030; complete the engineering design of a fusion reactor by 2035; and begin commercial production of electricity using fusion by 2040.
¶5. 한국정부가 핵융합 에너지에 대한 기대에 갖는 중요서의 증표로 노무현 대통령이 9월 14일 행사에 참가했고 한번도 아닌 세번씩이나 연설했다. 그는 이 프로젝트를 완성시키는데 기여한 과학자들과 국내 기업들을 칭찬하고 KSTAR가 한국의 에너지 자급을 성사시킬수 있는데 큰 역할을 해줄것이라는 그의 기대를 표연했다. (지적: 선거가 다가오면서 노(대통령)은 이 기회를 빌어 그가 NFRC의 과학자들과 다른 국가 연구소들을 정부 펜션 기획에 포함시키려는 국회 상정을 할것이라고 선언했으며 이 선언은 모여있는 이들중에 찬성의 웃음을 보이게 만들었다.)
As testament to the importance that the Korean government gives to the prospect of fusion energy, President Roh Moo-hyun attended the September 14 event, and spoke not once but three times. He lauded the scientists and domestic industries responsible for bringing the project to completion, and expressed his hope that KSTAR would play a crucial role in allowing Korea to achieve energy self-reliance. (Comment: With an election coming up, Roh also used the occasion to announce that he would seek legislative approval to bring scientists from NFRC and other state-run research institutes into the government pension scheme, a proposal that provoked smiles of approval among those assembled. End comment.)
원문
UNCLAS SEOUL 003033
SIPDIS
SIPDIS
DEPT FOR STAS, OES/SAT, OES/STC, AND ISN/NESS
DEPT ALSO FOR EAP/K
WHITE HOUSE FOR OSTP
USDOC FOR 4440/IEP/EAP/OPB/WGOLIKE
USDOC ALSO FOR ITA/TA
USDOC ALSO NIST FOR SCARPENTER
USDOE FOR INTERNATIONAL - R. PRICE
USDOE ALSO FOR OFFICE OF SCIENCE - E. OKTAY
DEPT PASS TO NRC FOR INTL PROGRAMS
USMISSION VIENNA FOR IAEA DEL
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: TRGY ENRG KSCA KNNP KS
SUBJECT: KOREA UNVEILS ADVANCED TOKAMAK FUSION TEST DEVICE BUILT
WITH U.S. COLLABORATION
SUMMARY
¶1. On September 14, President Roh unveiled Korea's cutting-edge
nuclear fusion plasma chamber, the Korea Superconducting Tokamak
Advanced Research (KSTAR) device, at the National Fusion Research
Center outside Daejeon. Built at a cost of some USD 329 million,
KSTAR is one of the world's most advanced Tokamaks, using
superconducting coils and advanced techniques to heat and shape
plasma. KSTAR was built using domestic technology, with technical
assistance from a number of fusion research labs in the United
States and other countries. Following testing of its subsystems,
KSTAR is expected to produce its first plasma by June 2008, and to
achieve full-scale operations several years later. KSTAR will play
an important role in international fusion research, both before and
after the start-up of the larger-scale International Thermonuclear
Experimental Reactor (ITER) in Cadarache, France, in 2016. Comment:
KSTAR demonstrates both how far Korean science has progressed and
the extent to which U.S.-Korean scientific collaboration continues
to play a role in that progress. End summary.
KSTAR - CENTERPIECE OF KOREAN FUSION RESEARCH
¶2. The KSTAR Tokamak is the centerpiece of Korea's fusion research
program. (Tokamak is a Russian acronym for Toroidal – or
doughnut-shaped – Chamber in Magnetic Coils. It is a device using
powerful magnets to confine a plasma – ionized gases – to permit
controlled fusion reactions.) The Korean government has spent USD
329 million since 1995 to construct KSTAR and related devices at the
NFRC, located in Daedeok Innopolis, outside of Daejeon (150
kilometers south of Seoul). A ceremony was held on September 14 to
mark the completion of construction.
¶3. Lee Gyeong-su, Director of Fusion Research at Korea's National
Fusion Research Center (NFRC), told ESTH that NFRC is still testing
individual KSTAR systems, and that full-scale operation is planned
to begin by June, 2008. Once KSTAR is operational, Korea plans to
spend some USD 37 million annually over eighteen years on fusion
research. The goal is to maintain dense, superheated plasmas for
periods of at least 300 seconds, in order to gather information on
heating, diagnostic and controlling techniques. This information
will feed into the multinational ITER project, in which Korea is a
founding partner.
¶4. Looking further into the future, Korea's “road map” for fusion
energy development aims to demonstrate the feasibility of fusion
power generation by 2030; complete the engineering design of a
fusion reactor by 2035; and begin commercial production of
electricity using fusion by 2040.
¶5. As testament to the importance that the Korean government gives
to the prospect of fusion energy, President Roh Moo-hyun attended
the September 14 event, and spoke not once but three times. He
lauded the scientists and domestic industries responsible for
bringing the project to completion, and expressed his hope that
KSTAR would play a crucial role in allowing Korea to achieve energy
self-reliance. (Comment: With an election coming up, Roh also used
the occasion to announce that he would seek legislative approval to
bring scientists from NFRC and other state-run research institutes
into the government pension scheme, a proposal that provoked smiles
of approval among those assembled. End comment.)
COMPARING KSTAR TO EXISTING TOKAMAKS
¶6. NFRC says that KSTAR is the world's first Tokamak to use
highly-efficient niobium-three-tin (Nb3Sn) coils to generate
magnetic fields. The principal parameters of the KSTAR Tokamak are:
major radius 1.8 meters, minor radius 0.5 meters, toroidal field 3.5
Telsa, plasma current 2.0 MA, plasma temperature range 100-300
million degrees Celsius, and magnet weight 270 tons.
¶7. George McKee, a University of Wisconsin fusion scientist who
provided technical assistance for KSTAR and who attended the
September 14 ceremony, provided ESTH with his assessment of how
KSTAR compares to existing Tokamaks:
“KSTAR is a medium-sized Tokamak experiment. Currently, there are
two larger experiments in the world (JT-60U in Japan and JET in
Europe), and two comparably-sized experiments (DIII-D in the United
States, and ASDEX-U in Germany). But KSTAR will be unique in that
it employs fully superconducting magnets and implements the latest
ideas and designs for obtaining the highest performing plasmas
(so-called “Advanced Tokamak” plasmas). The EAST Tokamak that has
just begun operations in Hefei, China, has roughly similar
parameters to KSTAR and is also superconducting. However, KSTAR
employs advanced plasma heating, shaping and current-drive
capabilities, is somewhat larger, and has advanced control systems
and a diagnostics suite. The two experiments should complement each
other quite well.”
PREPARING THE WAY FOR ITER – AND BEYOND
¶8. McKee went on to opine that “KSTAR is poised to be the most
fruitful experiment in the world in several years to further advance
both the performance of fusion plasmas and our scientific
understanding of basic fusion plasma processes….The KSTAR
experiment will be a crucial experiment for investigating the
physics of 'long-pulse, high performance' fusion plasmas. One of
the major uncertainties in fusion looking forward to ITER and beyond
is how the high-temperature plasma and the Tokamak vessel interact
over long time periods (tens of seconds to minutes) while sustaining
high-temperature, high-pressure plasmas.” Experience shows that
high performance can be maintained for relatively short periods –
several seconds – but sustaining for longer pulses requires complex
feedback control of plasma instabilities and the avoidance of
deleterious plasma-wall interactions.
¶9. McKee concluded that “KSTAR will seek to maintain high
“normalized” performance that should provide very useful scientific
information and techniques for developing high performance plasmas
for ITER as well as for extrapolating beyond ITER to fusion
reactors. Thus it will continue to be a very relevant and
pioneering experiment even during the operation of ITER.”
U.S. SCIENTISTS DEEPLY INVOLVED
¶10. The U.S. Department Energy and numerous U.S. research
institutions have been deeply involved in the design and
construction of KSTAR. With two major fusion centers in the U.S.
(Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in New Jersey and General
Atomic Company in San Diego) taking the lead, this collaboration has
included scientists from the University of Wisconsin, the University
of California at Davis, Columbia University, and Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, among others. Dr. McKee provided details:
“The U.S. and Korea are engaged in numerous active collaborations
centered around the KSTAR experiment in the areas of plasma control,
radio-frequency and microwave-based heating systems, plasma
stability, and imaging and profile diagnostics. The U.S. Department
of Energy is providing funding for numerous design studies and
control system development for the KSTAR experiment. These
collaborations take place with U.S. National Laboratories,
companies, and universities….”
¶11. To further emphasize the long-term nature of the U.S.-Korea
collaboration, Dr. McKee remarked that the KSTAR experiment design
is based in part on a Tokamak design (Tokamak Physics Experiment, or
TPX) that was developed in the U.S., with the leadership of
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. A DOE official later commented
to ESTH that the TPX design was not built in the United States due
to a lack of funding, so it was gratifying to see that the design
proved so useful in the construction of KSTAR.
COMMENT
¶12. Several speakers at the September 14 ceremony, including ITER
Secretary General-designate Kaname Ikeda, described KSTAR as
SIPDIS
allowing Korea to assume a leading role in international fusion
research. Hopes are high that KSTAR will contribute to hastening
the day when electricity generation using fusion is shown to be both
feasible and cost-effective. Meanwhile, KSTAR's completion
testifies both to the advances of Korean science over the past four
decades, and to the continuing vigor and fruitfulness of U.S.-Korean
scientific collaboration.
VERSHBOW
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